SONIA KADIEVA: ENERGY FOR CHANGE


Energy Supply demonstrates the potential of the free energy market

Sonia Kadieva Energy Supply.jpg
Sonia Kadieva, founder of Energy Supply, photography by Dragomir Ushev

When Sonia Kadieva founded the electricity trading company Energy Supply Ltd., the free electricity market in Bulgaria was just emerging. Today, full market liberalisation is still in the future, and public opinion is becoming increasingly skeptical about it. Against this backdrop, Sonia Kadieva's expertise is extremely valuable to both private and business electricity consumers who want to form an informed opinion about the matter – and make the most of the upcoming change.

What does the electricity trading business mean to you?

Above all, it is a challenge. When I started working in 2008, the free electricity market was a completely new concept in the context of Bulgaria's accession to the EU. Back then, there were just two or three end consumers on the market, one main supplier – Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, and import and export activities. There was no energy exchange. There was one price for the Bulgarian market and another for electricity exports. Since then, the market has become more competitive. More suppliers and customers have emerged, an organised exchange market was established, along with a unified European market and more challenges in the balancing market. Today, end consumers are beginning to doubt the advantages of the achieved free market. There is talk of price caps and the shortcomings of the unified market, which is generally shaped by external factors rather than domestic supply and demand. We are witnessing a return to the old model – protecting consumers on the Bulgarian market through price caps.

Bulgaria's energy market is set to be fully liberalised from January 1, 2026. How will this affect consumers?

Consumers have always been at the centre of every market and policy decision. We have been discussing the full liberalisation of electricity prices for at least five years, yet very little has been done to ensure a smooth transition. Instead, politicians seem to prefer instilling fear among household consumers. In reality, even with full liberalisation, nothing will change – at least not at the beginning. Household electricity prices will still be subsidised. This will happen through decisions by the Council of Ministers and payments via price caps through energy traders along the chain from the Security of the Electricity System Fund to balancing group coordinators to final network users. The most vulnerable consumers will receive financial assistance, though a clear mechanism for this is yet to be established. Essentially, the existing problem of compensation for the business will now include household subsidies as well. This is not a problem of the energy industry, but of society and economy, as Bulgaria is last in the EU in terms of incomes and is the poorest country in the union. The focus in decision making should not be solely on energy consumers but also on electricity producers. It is crucial to maintain a balanced energy system at any given moment – ensuring that production and consumption are always aligned.

What is the role of Energy Supply in this situation?

Energy Supply Ltd. and the companies and organisations that I manage are among the most active participants in the electricity market. Our role is to create conditions for greater competition and contribute to the development of the regulatory framework through our expertise, gained from years of experience. There is a real risk that the household consumer market could become concentrated in the so-called natural monopolies within the holding companies of distribution enterprises.

Sofia, 2 Count Ignatiev St, floor 3, apt 6

+359 2 9848785

www.energysupply-bg.com

Соня Кадиева: Енергия за промяна

"Енерджи Съплай" демонстрира потенциала на свободния енергиен пазар

Когато Соня Кадиева създава компанията за търговия с електроенергия "Енерджи Съплай" ЕООД, свободният пазар на електроенергия в България тепърва се заражда. Днес пълната либерализация на пазара все още е в бъдещето, а общественото мнение става все по-скептично към нея. На този фон експертизата на Соня Кадиева е изключително нужна на частните и бизнес потребители на електроенергия, които искат да си изградят информирано мнение – и да извлекат максимума от предстоящата промяна.

Какво е за Вас бизнесът с търговия с електроенергия?

Преди всичко е предизвикателство. Когато започнах работа през 2008 г. свободният пазар на електроенергия беше съвсем нова тематика в контекста на влизането на България в EC. На пазара имаше двама-трима крайни потребители, един основен доставчик – АЕЦ "Козлодуй", внос и износ. Нямаше енергийна борса. Имаше цена за българския пазар и цена за износ на електроенергия. Оттогава пазарът започна да става по-конкурентен. Появиха се повече доставчици и клиенти, организиран борсов пазар, единен европейски пазар, повече предизвикателства на балансиращия пазар. Днес крайните потребители вече се съмняват в преимуществата на постигнатия свободен пазар. Говори се за таван на цените, за недостатъците на единния пазар, който се влияе повече от външни фактори и по-малко от търсенето и предлагането на вътрешния пазар. Наблюдаваме връщане на стария модел: протекция на клиентите на българския пазар през ценови тавани.

Българският енергиен пазар трябва да се либерализира напълно от 1 януари 2026 г. Как ще се отрази това на потребителите?

Потребителите винаги са били във фокуса на всеки пазар и всички политики. За пълна либерализация на цените на електроенергията говорим от поне пет години, но много малко се работи това да се случи без сътресения. Вместо това, политиците като че ли предпочитат да насаждат страх у битовите потребители. На практика, дори при пълна либерализация, нищо няма да се промени, поне не и в началото. Цените на бита отново ще бъдат субсидирани. Това ще става с решения на Министерски съвет и разплащания след таван на цените през търговците на електроенергия по веригата Фонд "Сигурност на електроенергийната система" – координатори на балансиращи групи – крайни ползватели на мрежата. Най-уязвимите консуматори ще ползват помощи, за които все още няма решение. Просто към проблема с компенсациите за бизнес-абонатите ще бъде прибавено и финансирането за бита. Проблемът е социално икономически, а не енергиен, тъй като сме с най-нисък доход в ЕС и най-бедната държава в съюза. Фокусът при взимане на решения не трябва да е само тези, които потребяват, но и тези, които произвеждат електроенергия, защото е жизненоважно електроенергийната система да бъде балансирана във всеки момент от денонощието – колкото се произвежда, толкова и да се консумира.

Каква е ролята на "Енерджи Съплай" в тази обстановка?

"Енерджи Съплай" ЕООД и управляваните от мен дружества и организации са сред най-активните участници на пазара на електроенергия. Ролята ни е в осигуряването на условия за по-голяма конкуренция и развитие на нормативната база чрез експертизата ни, натрупана от дългогодишния ни опит. Има реална опасност пазарът на битовите потребители да се концентрира в ръцете на т.нар. естествени монополисти в холдинговите дружества на разпределителните предприятия.

София, ул. "Граф Игнатиев" 2, ет. 3, ап. 6

+359 2 9848785

www.energysupply-bg.com

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